The psychological explanation of terrorism

Presentation Terrorism can be characterized as a demonstration of savagery, dread, or hostility whose goal is to accomplish pressure and dread in peaceful people. Nonetheless, there is no commonly acknowledged meaning of fear mongering in view of its wide and broad application in various conditions and behaviors.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The mental clarification of psychological oppression explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, as per the established importance given in the Terrorism Act of 2000 in the United Kingdom, fear mongering involves those activities completed by non-state people with the point of impacting the government’s approaches and choices other than threatening the overall population (Randy 2004, p. 9). These psychological oppressor activities incorporate savagery against people, harm to property, participating in exercises that jeopardize or undermine the security of others, and the utilization of guns to c ompromise the State or its residents. Then again, psychological warfare can be sub-separated into a few classes, which incorporate fear monger exercises completed by systems and governments; non-state fear mongering, national psychological warfare, and global psychological oppression (Moghadam 2006, p. 18). Besides, psychological oppression all in all can be ordered into corrigible and hopeless fear monger acts. Under corrigible fear based oppression, there is consistently a method of arriving at a trade off between the two clashing gatherings, in this way finishing savagery and animosity. Be that as it may, under hopeless psychological oppression, the fear based oppressor bunch utilizes maximalist approaches in assaulting their objective and the main answer for halting their exercises is to utilize power in containing savagery and animosity (Schmid Jongman 2005, p. 33). In this manner, fear based oppression is an expansive marvel that is driven by ideological (Political and strict) , social, and monetary variables. Besides, there are various sorts of vicious and forceful practices related with psychological oppression. In this manner, it is preposterous to surely support the hidden inspirations and determinants of fear based oppressor exercises. Besides, there is no commonly acknowledged hypothetical and applied clarification of the inspirations and determinants of psychological militant exercises. Subsequently, numerous countries on the planet are compelled to utilize a lot of national assets in attempting to kill or forestall psychological oppression yet with little achievement (Randy 2004, p. 12). In any case, numerous clinicians contend that fear based oppression has a mental premise as imagined in the psychoanalytic and the non-psychoanalytic hypotheses of psychological warfare. Then again, the rivals of the mental cases recognize a few entanglements of the brain research of fear based oppression. This paper inspects the points of interest and impediments of the brain research of psychological oppression with the point of indicating that brain science can really clarify why an ordinary individual executes fear based oppressor exercises against others.Advertising Looking for article on political theories? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The benefits of the brain research of fear based oppression Being a sociology that reviews human conduct, brain science has a ton to offer regarding looking at the inspirations and reasons for psychological militant exercises. Early examinations in the field of brain research of psychological warfare recognize narcissism as a potential methodology towards clarifying the root of fear mongering. Here, the defenders of the psychoanalytic hypotheses of fear based oppression contend that there is the need to create solid connections and associations with newborn children during the beginning times of their life expectancy improvement. This guarant ees the babies attempt all the typical phases of improvement other than sharing the sentiment of parental love (Crenshaw 2001, p. 21). This is the premise of the narcissism hypothesis, which holds that a newborn child who is denied of parental or cultural love builds up a changed mental self view, antagonistic vibe, and an anomalous self-character that comes full circle into narcissistic wounds. These wounds make sentiments of outrage, brutality, and hostility in the influenced people who will in general invest the vast majority of their energy attempting to dispense with what they see to be the reason for their internal agony and wounds. Regardless of that the narcissistic hypothesis offers a potential reason for brutality and threatening vibe normal for some fear mongers, it flops in catching the conceivable inspiration of a wide range of savagery related with psychological warfare. In this way, current psychoanalytic investigations utilize various ways to deal with clarify the re asons for fear based oppression. In addition, most psychoanalytic investigations show that psychological militants pick to participate in fear monger exercises on account of various reasons. Likewise, ordinary people become psychological militants in various manners and with various inspirations. Along these lines, most clinicians contend that in the mission to support the potential reasons for psychological militant exercises, there is the need to segregate between the inspirations for joining, being held, and disserting fear monger groups (Schmid Jongman 2005, p. 61). Thus, current psychoanalytic investigations propose the character hypothesis as one of the psychoanalytic speculations of psychological warfare. These speculations were advanced by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) who in concurrence with other neo-Freudian clinicians contend that the human brain and its related mental procedures are oblivious. In this manner, the mental procedure of life expectancy advancement follows an un mistakable and exceptionally sorted out system including a few phases that rely upon one’s youth wants (Crenshaw 2001, p. 405). On the off chance that any of these stages is excluded, or an individual’s youth dreams are uncertain, the influenced individual turns out to be mentally distressed.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The mental clarification of fear based oppression explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the character hypothesis, people who will undoubtedly execute psychological oppressor exercises are generally youthful and lively people experiencing low confidence, which in this way adjusts their perspective in that they are eager to do anything which makes them respected. In this way, the quest for self-character can make an ordinary individual helpless against turning into a potential psychological militant. Besides, psychoanalytic examinations show that there is nobody character that can be utilized to distingu ish potential psychological oppressors. In any case, most psychological militants share basic accounts described by instances of mortification, youth misuses, and social shameful acts. These chronicles might be the potential reasons for brutality and animosity executed by most psychological militants against their casualties. Furthermore, the distrustfulness hypothesis holds that people with jumpy character difficulties create sentiments of doubt and doubt towards others and they will undoubtedly grow sick thought processes towards these individuals (Schmid Jongman 2005, p. 61). In this way, as per most clinicians, these people additionally have explicit character qualities, for example, energy searchers; activity arranged characters; brutal and forceful characters; and social disappointments. These attributes are related with the expanded likelihood of these people sorting out themselves in fear based oppressor gatherings to accomplish their pernicious intentions. Besides, the susp icion hypothesis concurs with other observational examinations directed by therapists on psychological militants experiencing narcissistic character difficulties, which shows that fear based oppressors more likely than not experienced parting encounters before they chose to take part in psychological militant exercises (Moghadam 2006, p. 20). Here, parting encounters involves the torment and narcissistic wounds that people are presented to before throughout everyday life. In this manner, these people experience the ill effects of a harmed picture of their own characters and internal agony. Within these people, the contention between what is acceptable and terrible is uncertain and hence, one structures wounds that are externalized through reprimanding others for one’s torment, shortcomings, monetary issues, and low confidence. Likewise, psychological militants will in general think about their inward shortcomings against the apparent quality and intensity of their foes and al ong these lines they will invest a large portion of their life-energy attempting to crush the internal shortcomings through animosity and savagery (Crenshaw 2001, p. 410). In particular, the conversations above show that fear based oppressors are typical, clever, and basic organizers of their exercises. This invalidates any prospects of fear mongers being intellectually sick (Hoffman 1999, p. 337; Hoffman 2006, p. 409). Consequently, there must be a main impetus that keeps psychological militants together in advancing their course while obliterating their apparent enemies.Advertising Searching for exposition on political theories? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More One of the potential drives for psychological militant exercises is their political and strict belief systems. In most fear based oppressor groups, there are strict philosophies giving the ethical avocation of psychological oppressor exercises. Here, clinicians guarantee that in typical social orders, there are decides and authorizes that keep people from acting noxiously (Wilkinson 1997, p. 415). Be that as it may, in specific situations, savagery and hostility can be advocated in the general public comparative with its ethical target as detectable in the narratives of the Islamic religion, Christianity, and Judaism. In addition, the radical belief systems keep the fear based oppressors together in gatherings and any misconception, doubt, or infringement of the factions’ rules can undermine the group’s presence. Constraints of the brain research of fear based oppression From the conversations above, it is important that the brain research of psychological warfare exami nes the conduct of psychological militants that can be credited to their demonstrations of viciousness and animosity. Comparative with considers directed on the conduct of psychological militants, it is obvious that there are various sorts of brutal and aggressi

Gender Inequality Example

Gender Inequality Example Gender Inequality â€" Assignment Example > AbstractGender equality can be perceived as the notion of all human beings being free to advance the abilities at individual level and engage in choice-making process without being subjected to confines set by stringent gender roles; that the diversity in behavior, needs and ambitions of men and women are appreciated, considered and esteemed in equal measures. Despite profound efforts to achieve the aforementioned goal in regard to access to education, employment among other areas, gender inequality still remains a major challenge in many countries around the globe. Against this background, this analytical report discusses the causes and effects of gender inequality at Embry-Riddle Aeronautic University. In addition, it explores the current measures being undertaken by the university aimed at the achievement of gender equality as well as ideal interventions which can be implemented in order to surmount the inherent challenges. A survey was conducted on 31 students. 80.6% of the re spondents cited their dissatisfaction with the number of females at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University with more than half of the informants citing their preference for increased number of females in the university. The benefits of institutional gender equality include but not limited to heightened creativity and innovation among the women and increased encouragement of the girl child in the society. Warth (2009) determined that several studies have indicated a positive relationship between gender equality in management terms and increased financial performance. Improved gender equality at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University will entail increasing both female enrollment and female faculty and staff on campus. IntroductionGender equality and the empowerment of women are key to the eventual attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MGDs), most notably goal 3 which focuses on promoting gender equality and empowerment. While this latter goal was being set, the stakeholders we re cognizant of the fundamental contribution that women make towards the socio-economic development and the costs to diverse societies as well as the enormous impediments and disadvantages which confront women in almost all the countries at the global scale (United Nations Development Programme, 2005). Nonetheless, it is an apparent fact that glaring gender inequality exists mostly in education institutions which is the central focus of this analytical report. Education policies and actions have continuously failed to take gender equality into account or more worse flunked in the process of enrolling the female students in diverse courses, some of which are considered to be male oriented as well as enabling women to be principle actors in the decision-making processes at the different levels of the organizational structure. This phenomenon is evident at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University whereby a survey revealed that much of the gender inequality is directly related to the numbe r of females who are either enrolled or employed at the university. This has a direct correlation to the inequality in the number of females who exclusively serve as professionals in fields which are related to science and technology, engineering and mathematics. It is also worth noting that since the instigation of accepting women at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in 1967, only 11, 000 graduates have been female with the 17% of the overall enrollment in the university being women. Despite the multiple efforts to heighten this percentage both in the short and long term, it is apparent that a profound holistic approach in policy making ought to be undertaken if at all positive impacts in gender equality is to be achieved.

Plato s Views On Politics Essay - 2008 Words

Through much of Plato’s texts, there are many instances of common interpretations of terms and disciplines described in fairly uncommon ways. Such a trend is no different in both Plato s Gorgias and Apology discussing the importance and meaning of politics and the use of rhetoric. In the Gorgias, Socrates participates in a continued dialogue against the role of rhetoric’s deceiving nature as being the best way to live one s life. For he states to receive pleasure through injustice by means of rhetoric is the most wretched life that one live. Therefore, the rhetorician is the worst type of politician for they only want to convince through rhetoric to obtain pleasure rather than do what is best for the people. However, throughout the Apology Plato describes Socrates as taking a different take on the role of politics altogether. Unlike his convincing comments on politics in the Gorgias, Socrates claims he does not know much about politics and would rather of not survived i f partaken in such an occupation. Yet, this such claim fully supports much of his dismantlement of the role of rhetorician. As the politician for Socrates is one that deceives through rhetoric and since Socrates does not employ the tools of rhetoric he would not survive in the world of politics. Unfortunately, Socrates’s choice to stay away form the field of politics doesn t save him death after all as see with his sentencing to death in the Apology. While this may seem like a devastating outcome,Show MoreRelatedPlato s Views On Politics1802 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"One of the penalties for refusing to participate in politics is that you end up being governed by your inferiors† – Plato. Plato states that refusing to utilize the right to vote is equivalent to giving away one’s future and leaving it in hands of inappropriate people. In order to stride for progress one must wisely choose the people who are going to be in power to handle the nation proper ly. The human race has proven that an authority figure has to constantly be present in order for humans toRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Views On Politics And Society1090 Words   |  5 PagesPlato and Aristotle are philosophers that both have an idea of an ideal state but they have their differences. While there are benefits to each of their views on politics and society, there are also many negative things about their views. Some of their negative views were realistic at one point in time but few are the same in today s society. Although I don t fully agree with either philosopher, I would have to side with Aristotle overall. The two philosophers had many differences but they wereRead MoreAristotle And Plato s Views On Politics And Morality Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this essay is to discuss whether politics should be focused on morality with reference to the political thinkers, Aristotle and Plato. Aristotle and Plato have two fundamentally differing views on politics and how it links to morality. Morality to Aristotle and Plato will be analysed through their version of how politics utensils morality to carry out legislation or create a universal manner carried out by the citizens. To achieve this, this essay will examine the following pointsRead MorePlato s Interpretation Of Utopia1630 Words   |  7 PagesPlato and Aristotle shared many differences despite also sharing a teacher student relationship. This essay will strive to establish their understandings of reason and the role reason plays in their comprehensions of politics, differentiating between the kinds of reason and politi cs produced as a result. Plato is regarded as the first writer of political philosophy while Aristotle is recognised as the first political scientist. Plato’s interpretation of Utopia is founded upon the existence of threeRead MorePolitical Philosophy, By Steven Cahn1197 Words   |  5 PagesIn Steven Cahn s book, Political Philosophy, The Essential Texts, philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau created the circumstances to enable the fundamental principals of philosophy and politics. These knowledgeable, astute and significant men have helped to achieve the structure of our past and present democracy as well as a plan of action for the rights and values that we as citizens can all relate to today. 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His contributions through ethics, politics, religion, symposiums, and dialogues with Socrates exemplify a myriad of his works since he was a young scholar. He participated in a number of events, theoretical appearances, and analysis, and posting of theoriesRead MorePersonal Philosophy : Al Farabi1684 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle, Plato, and Socrates were the main Greek influencers of Al Farabi. Al Farabi as well as Ibn Sina have been recognized as Peripatetics or rationalists. The best known Arabic source for Al Farabi s political philosophy is his work titled The Virtuous City. In many of Al Farabi’s philosophical works the practical use of philosophy is a major concern, and while the majority of his philosophy has been influenced by Aristotelian ethics, his practical philosophy is more closely related to Plato. Plato’sRead More Plato on the Parthenon Essay905 Words   |  4 PagesPlato on the Parthenon The philosophical ideas of Plato that relate to the Parthenon include whether the structure is an element of the Visible World or the Intelligible World. In my opinion, Plato would view the Parthenon as an object in the Visible World. The Parthenon is a one of a kind monument that is tangible and exists in our real world. The Parthenon is an architectural project and deals with forms of science and mathematics. Platos view of science and mathematics are categorized asRead MoreThe Republic By Plato And The Prince By Machiavelli1617 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough written nearly two centuries apart, The Republic by Plato and The Prince by Machiavelli offer important views on political philosophies of rulers. Plato writes of a perfect society where status as ruler is naturally selected through innate abilities. These abilities are used to sustain the society, better it, and preserve it. Machiavelli writes of a society where anyone can be a prince; which for our purposes is a synonym for ruler, if they follow his instructions. These instructions are

Major General James H. Wilson in the Civil War

Knowing and believing †religious knowledge Free Essays

It’s a changing world, the world of anachronism, the world to look at the future with new faith and where after every minute something or other is added in our daily list. The same is true with Knowledge, which is always changing with the change in time and with the change in the people’s attitude and behavior patterns. The knowledge is not a new concept but has been taking the world by stride since centuries but the most important crust of the knowledge is its speed. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowing and believing – religious knowledge or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the way the technology is changing very fast, the whole concept of imparting and gaining knowledge is also changing very fast.   There has been a considerable shift from the traditional mode of imparting knowledge to the whole new range of knowledge of inventions and studies for the growth and over all development in every sphere of socio-economic, political, religious trends etc. From agricultural to industrial and from social to religious to bestow the knowledge, there are always experts and new range of knowledge expertise in the complexities of new technologies is taking place and in this bid of newness, our desire to know more keep on increasing. There has also been complete change in the receptive capacity of the people towards this knowledge basis expertise. For e.g. Challenge and resistance to dominant technologies, some post modernists see these approaches and the knowledge revolution as more political and democratic whereas risk social theories focus upon the anxieties that are created through the plethora of information that people receive about possible dangers especially in relation to environmental degradation. This knowledge revolution has led to transformation of politics from the traditional political systems and strategies, which have proved incapable of taking contemporary risks and dangers. (Thompson Woodward _____:122) The knowledge of experts in relation to religion has always captured and dominated the life of people since centuries. The religious minded people have always considered the religious discourse as a norm of the society and followed their traits but now comparatively less number of people are focusing their attention towards the religion and the religion tenets. The reason is simple; the increase in trend towards the knowledge of materialistic world and the worldly pleasures since industrial revolution dug its deep roots in the soil. The pursuit of the scientific journey has superceded the quest for religious knowledge, which Rubert Murdoch has amply explained in the Newsweek for 12th July 1999, Is God Dead?   In the, Open the doors — and where are the people, the study was conducted to amplify the trend of Roman Catholic Bastions in Italy and Ireland. Surveys in the United Kingdom brought out certain facts whereby 75 per cent of the people in Britain have faith in Super Natural powers, but according to the opinion polls, there has been downfall of the belief in God from 45 per cent in 1947 to 37 percent in 1987. The Mass observation survey in 1947 showed that there had been a wide spread belief in God but not among Orthodox Christian lines. (Thompson Woodward   ________ :52) This amplifies that people are least inclined in attaining the religious knowledge. The most important reason being the explosion of the private bodies into the religion posing questions and defying the conventions of the traditional religious beliefs held by the people with utmost generosity and faith. The other most important cause is the popularity or secularization so profoundly spread by the leaders of the Modern age and basically of secular functions which were earlier performed by the welfare bodies like religious, education and state which were taken over by the state. (Thompson Woodward _____ :44) Moreover, fun and leisure activities have profoundly replaced the organized form of religious activities. And the third reason is the change and shift of the religious thoughts towards more research and thinking over science and other related field of studies. (Thompson Woodward _______ :44) Karen Armstrong, in one of the articles in the accompanying article to Fredrick Nietsche, says that since 1970s, religion has once again entered in the domain of the society in such a manner that was being considered as impossible. â€Å"The Iranian revolution was a grand success in the Middle East and at the same time the moral majority and the right of the Christians captured the emotions and the mood of the people endeavored to bring back God in the public life whereas ultra orthodox Jews as well as Zionists have also strived to bring religion back in the lives of Isreali people. With this it is amply true that no Government can deny religion. The assassinations of Anwar Sidat in Egypt and of Yitzhat Rabin in Isreal are reminders of lethal danger of some forms of modern faith.† (Thompson Woodward _______ :44). Though this statement is a proven fact that it is the knowledge for religion that is gaining momentum in almost all over the world but when it comes to Science, the knowledge for religious quest takes a back seat. The simplest reason is that the religious knowledge is only based on faith and as said by Ken Thompson Kate Woodward â€Å"Truths Believed†; on the other hand the scientific knowledge is based on the investigations, discoveries and research. To reveal and prove the authenticity and belief in their respective domains, there was a public controversy in the nineteenth century. In the debate that followed in 1860 at Oxford, scientist T.H Huxley said that, â€Å"I would rather be descended from an Ape than a bishop†. (Thompson Woodward _______ :45) But not all scientists disagreed with the evolution of God. Charles Darwin in his â€Å"Origin of Species† in 1859 has faith in the God but not in the religion. (Thompson Woodward _______ :45) The diversities in the scientific world like in Natural Sciences, there is a common belief among many that Science are related to religion. For e.g. Teil Hard De Chardin, a Jesuit priest and Paleontologist, in 1950s integrated biological and spiritual evolution in a theory of cosmogenesis, which was the blend of science, theology and poetry. Social Scientists tried to take a middle path emphasizing on the fact that without religious beliefs, there is no spiritual growth and satisfaction but they too defy the orthodox religious tenets believing in the religious thoughts and ideologies. Gender also plays the most important role in posing the question regarding the aspect whether the knowledge of experts in the religious tenets became more or less important in the contemporary society or not? People also tend to believe that Science has provided us with various answers to the questions but there is no answer as far as questions on morality and emotional aspects of our lives are concerned. This has been answered in the New Age beliefs in which large and large number of people are turning their faith towards spiritual powers like in alternative medicines and green issues to meditation and therapy as a form of ancient knowledge like Alchemy, astrology, myth, dream work, Earth mysteries, Fang Sui. (Thompson Woodward ______:62) Some believe that these new age beliefs are taking secular dimensions and have taken shape after the combination of scientific and pseudo scientific ideas and provides moral meaning to our lives, but the science and scientists have no answer to moral meaning. As a result, gap is always left between new age phenomenon on spirituality and scientific thoughts and knowledge. It is amply true that though Science is posing challenge to the religion and religious tenets yet the religious knowledge is still finding its place in this modernization and high technological world though the essence and the way of the religious teachings is changing with the change in time. Religious knowledge has been imparted to the public in totally different way and in different form than the scientific knowledge. Religion is a revelatory knowledge whereas Science is an empirical proof and this makes religion more challenging while confronting this scientific knowledge. In the United Kingdom itself, the change in the form and status of religious knowledge has produced uncertainties and different new opportunities. Women are defying the age-old religious conventions of patriarchal hierarchies to produce their own concept of spirituality. Then the muti-faith societies are opening new chapters to define their own religious thoughts and conceptions on spirituality. Over and above, the new age knowledge is also raising questions on established religious norms; Gender and ethnicity are also shaping the religious thoughts and perspectives. (Thompson Woodward ______ :72) The effects of these new approaches are being seen and felt everywhere and in every sphere of our lives. Whenever we are confronted with any issue to find out truth, we are embroiled with different aspects towards the true knowledge. We have diverted from factual realization towards feelings. In this sense, it is amply true that though importance is being given to the knowledge of experts in the contemporary world but the trend, form and way of thinking have changed. Reference List Surname, Initial(s). Date. Title. Edition. Place of Publication: Publisher Thompson K. Woodward K. ______ Knowing and Believing: Religious Knowledge.          How to cite Knowing and believing – religious knowledge, Essay examples

Personal Goals in Career Development - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Personal Goals in Career Development. Answer: Introduction: Career management is the way in which a person becomes aware of their professional skills, strengths, values, interests, and weaknesses. Further, a person should be able to obtain information about the opportunities that exist in their area of profession, identify their career goals and come up with a plan to achieve them. Employees need to plan and manage their career that they may learn to commit to the positions they have and work objectively to achieve their personal goals in career development. Further, failing to manage ones career can result in frustrations, lack of self-motivation and a sense of appreciation, and lack of the ability to get the right job. Chisholm (2014) explores the possibility of confidence and self-belief being the drivers of success. While a person seeks to attain success in their career, they need to be confident enough to go for the things or career they desire. Confidence and self-belief cause a person to be competent in their line of work as they look forth to bringing out the best (Chisholm, 2014). However, the confidence of a person in their career can also be built by their level of competency. Competency arises when a person excel is doing their work to perfection and giving the best results as never found in any other person (Chisholm, 2014). Kingsley (2011) points to the confidence of job seekers using the marketing tactics traditionally used by big companies to market their skills and personal brand. Job seekers are going a notch higher in seeking employment. When a is confident of their strengths and skills, they can use any means possible to convince their prospective employers or even publicize their skills that they may be found by a suitable employer. Competent and confident people can use extreme job searching skills to land on their careers of juice. Kingsley (2011) notes the need of job seekers going out of their comfort zone and doing something creative as they seek for a job. Even as a person seeks a job or looks forward to building their career management, there is a need to also a strong personal brand. A strong personal brand is essential in getting to arouse the attention of the employer towards your CV. People that can develop unique skills and they can present them to different employers uniquely, so that they may have a chance of securing a job. The manner in which a person pitches their skills and uniqueness matters a lot when it comes to winning a job interview (Be Your Own Brand). This is my logo. It is important because it shows what my career is and how good I am in doing the work. The logo makes my profession popular. It allows people to know what I do at a glance. Its colorful appearance attracts the attention of people and makes them develop an interest in what its contained in it. The slogan, Excellence Is My Foundation communicates how I have excelled in the field of business consulting. It assures the person seeing the logo that I have the necessary skills of consulting in business. Further, it shows that I always give the best in the work I work I do. The logo and the slogan fit my desired brand of wanting to be known as the best in business consulting. References Chisholm, D. (2014). Are Confidence and self-belief really the keys to success? Listener. Kingsley, P. (2011). Employment; Extreme Job Hunting.Guardian News Paper, p.19. Be Your Own Interest. (n.d). Success. P. 27-30

The Structure of Law Essays free essay sample

I can help you get first class marks. I can show you simple ways of becoming an amazing legal author. In this document I will provide you with some key tips on writing introductions. I will help you understand why those tips are important. And I will provide you with examples to help you use those tips. If you read this document and practise writing introductions – you will be a better writer and you will get better marks. See what I did there? See how I tried to capture your attention and get you to read on? See how you understand what to expect of this document? That’s the whole point of an introduction. Think of any great book that you have read or any great film that you have watched. The first few paragraphs or scenes are designed to grab you, to make you want more. There’s fundamentally nothing different with an introduction to a law essay (save that, if you write a bad introduction, your tutors have no choice over whether or not they carry on reading ) So, some top tips for writing introductions: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Structure of Law Essays or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Have an introduction. It is amazing the number of students who start writing the answer to the essay question without an introduction. Let me be clear. Not writing an introduction will mean you losing serious marks. The answer lies in good preparation. Think back to any exam in which you had to write an essay. Did you see anyone pick up the paper, read the question and immediately begin writing? These are the people you should be worried about. The best students read a question and take some time to think about and prepare their answers. They don’t start furiously scribbling. By taking some time out for prep, you will be able to really understand the question and what it is asking of you and, as a consequence, you will be able to demonstrate to the reader your mastery of the question in the introduction to the essay. Of course, this is much easier in non-exam based essays (where you can, and should, go back and edit your introduction after you have written the entire essay). 2. Think of context and opening lines. Essay questions in law tend to be on one big topic, from which you are asked to discuss/analyse/critically evaluate/review (etc) one small part. While your answer will have to focus on the sub-topic, you can grab the reader’s attention by giving context to the wider topic, by showing why what you are talking about is interesting/important/significant. Let me give you two examples: one from Company Law; and one from Environmental Law. Example 1 Company Law Question: The derivative claim in s260ff of the Companies Act 2006 is ineffective and in need of reform. Discuss. Opening Line: â€Å"Remedies granted to shareholders to challenge corporate decision making are a means of calling company directors to account, particularly in situations where ownership and control of large corporations are disparate. The derivative claim, in s260ff of the Companies Act 2006 † [Here, the question asks you about derivative claims, but if you study company law, you will know that these are but one of three main mechanisms by which shareholders can challenge decisions made by company directors. This opening line shows that (a) you know where the question fits in to the topics you have studied and (b) you are aware of context (that is, what the topic is ‘about’)] Example 2 – Environmental Law Question: â€Å"Critically evaluate the ‘information as regulation’ aspects of Opening line: â€Å"Chemicals regulation in the EU attempts to reconcile promotion of innovation in a fundamentally key industry sector with the protection of human health and the environment. the EU’s primary vehicle for chemicals regulation, contains † [As with the Company Law example, here you are showing that you understand the wider context and that you understand why the question, and the larger topic, are so challenging. ] 3. Have a clear line of argument. The reader needs to know, in broad terms, what you are going to say to know whether it is worth reading on. Telling them what you will be arguing also helps them understand whether you are saying something persuasive and, at a more basic level, helps them understand what it is you are trying to say. As Jo Hunt says, writing a law essay is not like writing a detective novel. No one wants to wait until the last line for the big reveal, to find out â€Å"whodunit†. Instead, you need to be telling your reader, in your introduction, exactly what your conclusion is going to be. As Richard Moorhead comments, â€Å"Outside of fiction, and interestingly judicial judgments, writing should generally not be a magical mystery tour. The best writing generally tells the reader what they will learn from reading the full text and it does so very early on (in the introduction). So if the question is, Do you think capital punishment is right or wrong, you would say from the outset of the essay what your line is. Say, â€Å"I will argue that capital punishment is wrong. † Or, â€Å"I will argue that capital punishment is right for certain types of offence. †Ã¢â‚¬  4. Keep it short and keep it snappy. The introduction introduces. It doesn’t give everything in full detail. That’s what the body of your essay is for. So, in exam conditions where you have 45 minutes – 1 hour for an answer, you’re probably looking at no more than a couple of paragraphs. In summative work (or work in non-exam conditions), try and keep your introduction to no more than 10% of the total word count. This figure, 10%, is not a magic number. It’s just a rough guide. Be sensible. Remember that the Introduction is not the be-all and end-all; it’s simply the start of your essay (which then has to deliver on what you promised in the introduction). . Show you understand what the question asks of you. Show that you have a clear grasp of the question and its various limbs. This goes back to the need for preparation. Take time to really interrogate the question and to work out the various elements you will need to discuss/review/present (etc) to give a full and in depth answer to the question set. Also remember to actually answer the question that’s been set. So many students simply give a stock answer to a question they have on Topic X in their head, without fully paying attention to what the question is asking of them. 6. Say what you’re saying. Give the reader an idea of how your answer will be structured. This will let them know (a) whether they want to read on and (b) what sort of grasp you have of the question. A good structure is a sign of the author’s command of the material: they show they are on top of the subject and will be taking the reader through the material in a logical order. It also makes the essay easier to understand. The reader knows what to expect when. If you go and look at articles printed in leading journals, you will see different approaches to structure in introductions. Some people are mechanical. They say, â€Å"First, I will look at Then I will look at Then I will go on to discuss †. This is fine is you are pressed for time, but you might try and be a little more creative. Say, in Tort, you have been given the following question: â€Å"â€Å"It is all too easy to criticise the tort system. In practice, it works well. † Discuss† – here, you could say â€Å"First, I will look at the criticisms of the Tort system. Then I will look at arguments in favour of the current system. † While this gives the reader an idea of how your answer will be structured, it is not very sophisticated. Instead, how about, The first part of this paper will review and evaluate the theoretical and practical critiques of the current Tort system. The second looks at reforms to Tort introduced to date that have sought to improve on existing deficiencies. Thirdly, I will consider alternative compensation mechanisms to Tort, both in the UK and elsewhere. This paper concludes by arguing that † Sometimes a really excellent introduction breaks their argument into subsections and uses that breaking up of the argument as a structure. This has the benefit of structuring the essay and providing the reader with a really good route-map for the essay’s argument. So, to develop the previous example: Tort is the critical means by which individuals can right the wrongs inflicted on them by others. I will argue that a pragmatic defence of the tort system, which suggests it is working reasonably well, is not supported by close analysis of any aspect of the tot system. Firstly, I will show how the theoretical underpinning of the tort system is incoherent. Secondly, I will demonstrate how the practical underpinnings of the system fail to meet basic expectations of any system of redress. Thirdly, I will show how domestic reform of tort systems have failed to grapple with these theoretical and practical problems. I will conclude by outlining genuine alternatives to the current systems which will better meet the expectations of a system of redress. This kind of approach provides a clear structure and actually begins to develop the line of argument which the introduction has set out. The reader can then begin to judge for themselves whether this essay is going to say anything which interests them or from which they might learn. The idea is that the introduction should navigate the reader around the main body of the essay. 7. Don’t rewrite the question in your own words. The examiner will have written the question. They know what it says. They don’t need you to tell them what it says. So, if the question, in Land, says, â€Å"Squatting can never be justified morally or legally†, don’t regurgitate the question and put in your introduction, â€Å"This question requires a discussion of whether squatting can ever be justified morally or legally†. 8. Engage with the question. I realise that most of the time, most of you will not care about various questions in law. You will not have sleepless nights thinking about the scope and nature of legitimate expectations or the teleological approach of the ECJ. But when it comes to writing an essay question, you have to pretend to care a little bit. You have to put aside your boredom of Criminal Law/Trusts/Land Law/[insert name here of module you do not like] and show the examiner that you are engaged with the issue. One of the ways you can do is that by having an opinion/argument. So, if the question says to you, â€Å"Recklessness in Criminal Law should always be judged by an objective standard†, have an opinion (one way or the other) on that standard. It doesn’t matter if you don’t 110% passionately and whole heartedly feel/care about that opinion, just have one. Essays are arguments, not descriptions. So, the thing to take away from this tip is: have a point and get it across in the introduction. 9. Remember: this is law, not theatre studies. Your introduction needs to be clear, concise, well structured and to have a point/an opinion. It shouldn’t be overly flamboyant or written like the start of an opinion piece in a tabloid newspaper. So, in response to the question, â€Å"The Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 has had a limited effect on the doctrine of privity of contract†, don’t write â€Å"The 1999 Act is a travesty and a disgrace and should be abolished forthwith†. You have to strike a balance between grabbing the attention of the reader, while still writing ‘like a lawyer’. 10. And, finally, remember that the introduction is the first thing the reader sees. And it’s the first thing the examiner who comes to mark your essay knows of you and your abilities. Make it count and keep the reader/examiner happy. Structuring Your Introduction With the above in mind, here is one way you could structure your introductions. There is no magical rule here and the following is but one way of structuring: †¢Give context/the framework in which the topic operates. This will require some thought (and hopefully will be something you have thought about before the exam/before you come to write your essay). What you are looking for here is a general statement on the topic, what is the topic ‘about’. †¢Start to narrow down from the large topic/framework to the specific question set (i. e. o from the general to particular) †¢ Give a map of how your essay will look †¢Give the statement of your thesis (that is, show your engagement/give your opinion or view) To help you with introductions, I have pulled together, in the following pages, some examples from a number of subjects. In each example, there is a ‘good’ and a ‘bad’ introduction. You should look at these examples and work out why the ‘good’ introductions are ‘good’ and why the ‘bad’ introductions are ‘bad’.